When it comes to knowing whether eating too much salt is a bad thing, there is a surprising lack of “verified-by-science” information available*. A certain level of salt, or sodium chloride, is a biological necessity that keeps muscles pumping and nerves firing off electrical signals. Yet lots of studies have suggested that high levels of dietary salt could contribute to problems with blood pressure and heart disease, which is why the CDC (and probably your mum) tells you to reduce your salt consumption. On the flip side, a study undertaken in 2011 by the Cochrane Collaboration (an international not-for-profit that performs unbiased reviews of existing experimental data to answer important public health questions) concluded that it is still unknown if low salt diets have positive or negative impacts on health.
Research has now been published that places an intriguing new entry onto the “salt is bad” list, linking high levels of salt to the development of autoimmunity – that is, your own immune system reacting against you. Rates of autoimmune disease have rocketed in the last 50 years, and while some of this is due to genetics, the sheer scale of the problem strongly suggests that modern lifestyle factors, such as diet, play a huge role.
Many autoimmune syndromes, like psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and arthritis, are driven by issues with a population of immune cells known as TH17‘s. Researcher’s have now observed that feeding mice a high salt diet, within relevant consumer levels, leads to an overproduction of these TH17 cells that are horribly dysfunctional, and induce earlier onset, more severe autoimmune symptoms in animal models of multiple sclerosis. While this research doesn’t go far enough to directly link high salt intake with autoimmunity, it does give serious credence to that notion.
*This New York Times article does an excellent job of putting it all in one place
Kleinewietfeld M, Manzel A, Titze J, Kvakan H, Yosef N, Linker RA, Muller DN, & Hafler DA (2013). Sodium chloride drives autoimmune disease by the induction of pathogenic TH17 cells. Nature PMID: 23467095
mmmbitesizescience 
Salt is Na+sty stuff.
Yes but does a low salt diet therefore cause a poor immune response to disease and infection?
Good question, Tom! There’s actually very little in the literature about sodium-restricted diets and immune function. Here’s a summary of all the evidence that there IS for low salt diets in different human health situations: http://goo.gl/R7sYz
Yes it seems so! The interesting thing is that salts have a massive impact on the immune system. The reason I say salts is because in seawater there are a lot of different salts which have different influences on the body. All species came from the water so they need full salt complete salt including all halogenic salts of all elements and all alkalinesalts. Today we only consume tablesalt which is poor in other elements. Watch the work of Dr. Pierre Delbet and you will understand a littlebit better.